15 August 2004
Abe Lincoln Was Wrong
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Nearly every school kid in the United States reveres Abraham Lincoln. With the possible exception of George Washington, the man who held the country together is universally considered the nation's greatest president. After all, he freed the slaves, which was certainly a good move (albeit more of a tactical maneuver than an act of principle). But the other thing he did was a big mistake. He should have let the South go.
I'm not saying this because I'm a northern liberal who'd rather be rid of the reactionary rednecks (and Florida) who keep spoiling national politics. I just think it was a mistake to try to keep such a large, divergent nation-state together. And it's only gotten worse in the century and a half since.
Before going any further, I'd like to address the question of slavery. It was already on the way out in 1860, whether the Confederacy became independent or not. The northern states had been dropping it, as had Britain and so many other slave-holding nations. Even the Confederacy banned the importation of slaves. Industrialisation was simply making slavery obsolete. And it's arguable that the voluntary abolition of slavery in the South - rather than having it imposed militarily - might have led to less racist resentment from the white population. The Civil War was fundamentally about states' sovereignty... and I think the rebel states had a point. So back to the structure of the government:
We like to call our system of government a democracy, but except for ad hoc ballot proposals and millage requests, it's not. Democracy simply doesn't scale well to anything larger than a small city (like Athens was, back in the day), which is why our government is really a representative democracy. Democracy once-removed.
The framers of the Constitution set it up so that there would be a representative in Congress for every 30,000 people. They started with a House of Representatives with 65 members, which was manageable. But a century later, it had swelled to nearly 400. In 1911, a law was passed limiting the number to 435, requiring the size of districts to grow to compensate. Today each member represents nearly 650,000 people. Seven entire states have only 1 representative in Congress. (Montana, Vermont, and the Dakotas used to have more, but since their populations aren't growing as fast as other states', they lost all but their guaranteed minimum.) If we'd stuck with the original rule of 1:30,000, Congress would have 9,380 members, and we'd surely hit 10,000 with the 2010 census. We'd have to build a new Capitol Stadium just to fit them all.
Evidently representative democracy doesn't scale that well either.
And when we get to the single closest approximation to an example of national democracy, it gets really broken. I'm referring of course to the presidential election. If we ignore the skewing formality of the Electoral College, the presidency is one of the few things that every citizen in the nation gets to vote on. So let's look at it:
Every candidate - including the sitting president - has to commit a year of his life or more to campaigning for it. It costs obscene amounts of money, mostly because of the scale of the campaign. Jetting the candidate across the country every few days is just the beginning of it; you need staffed campaign offices in every state (preferably every major city), advertising time in expensive media markets, innumerable yard signs and buttons, payoffs to countless local political machines, and on and on. Europeans' jaws drop when they see how much it costs to run for office here... because they live in smaller countries where representative democracy is still able to function.
It's not working here.
The most obvious solution to this would be to break the nation up. There's clearly some lingering - and fresh - desire in the South to separate. There are also movements in various parts of the country (such as in Vermont, Hawaii, Alaska, and Texas) to separate from the rest of the U.S., and a couple nationwide projects to encourage like-minded people to move to either New Hampshire or South Carolina, then secede.
I'm not saying that these are all good ideas that I support. Some of these people creep me out. But it underscores the fact that there's conflict between states that would be reduced if they were allowed to go their own ways more.
I don't think it would help for this state or that state to break off by itself. That might make the locals feel a little better, but it wouldn't address the larger problem of the larger nation. We don't need Washington building more embassies to independent American states, and (let's be honest) then pushing these nations around diplomatically (like we already do with Britain and Canada, and to a lesser extent Mexico). What we need is a good, orderly break-up. No more United States, with Washington as its capital. Instead, how about untied states, separated from the current federal government and then reassembled into smaller nations, with smaller federal goverments?
This map is my back-of-a-cocktail-napkin idea of how to do it. It was actually pretty easy to draw lines, with maps of Electoral College results highlighting how regional political trends line up.
The Pacific: These states share a common lean toward the left (except for Alaska) as well as cultural and economic ties to their Pacific counterparts in Asia. California would probably have to be split into two or three states to avoid it dominating the others... which is something many Californians want to do anyways. San Francisco would make a nice capital for Pacifica. (Top-level country domain: .PC)
The Mountains and the Plains: These states share the heritage of The West, which survives to this day in its fierce distrust of a Washington that wants to take away their guns and regulate their land. This way they wouldn't have to contend with that. Texas would be an obvious center of power due to its population, but represenatives from the other more sparsely-populated states would still outnumber Texans. Probably better to put the capital of the Free States of America in, say Pueblo, Colorado. (Top-level country domain: .FS)
The Great Lakes: The shipping lanes of the Lakes and the Ohio/Missisippi Rivers historically tied these Midwestern states together, and they share a centrist approach to politics, with a few of them being chronic "battleground" states between the two major parties. No single state would dominate the others population-wise, so it could continue this tradition of compromise between them. Chicago would be an obvious capital for Heartland. (Top-level country domain: .HL)
The Northeast: A haven for "intellectual elites", they could follow their socialist and libertarian muses without the South and Mountain/Plains folks holding them back. New York was always the most logical choice for a national capital, but it didn't happen for geopolitical reasons, so let's establish Manhattan (or maybe all five boroughs) as a new capital and federal district (with voting rights). By taking NYC itself out of NY, that'd help keep the state from dominating the New America legislature. (Top-level country domain: .NW)
The South: The membership of this nation doesn't match up exactly with the original Confederacy (I omitted Texas, and added the then-disputed border states of Kentucky and Maryland, and yes even the District of Columbia) but it captures "the South". Overall very socially conservative. I think they even have a flag ready. Although the city of Washington would be part of this nation, it might be best to dissolve the District of Columbia into Maryland, and put the capital in Atlanta (rather than Montgomery or Richmond) to establish that the Dixie Confederation isn't your great-grand-pappy's confederacy. (Top-level country domain: .DX)
Five nation-states, of roughly equal population, each with their own distinct and fairly cohesive character. The sociopolitical realignment might be a bit unsettling for any fudamentalist Christians living in the Northeast, or any socialists living in the Plains... but jeez, aren't you already uncomfortable living there? These five nations would - out of necessity - maintain strong economic and diplomatic ties, so it wouldn't be difficult to emigrate to a nation whose politics and culture were more to your liking. Visiting would be like going to Canada, or even like traveling from France to Belgium, which is a non-event today.
Or if you decided to stay, you'd actually have a better chance of getting your voice heard in the new federal legislature, because districts could be smaller. A liberal university town could more easily elect one of its own rather than being lumped in with the surrounding conservative farmland, or a conservative enclave away from the liberal urban center could do likewise. Heck, we might even end up with just as much diversity of opinion within the legislatures of these nations, but on a more manageable, human scale.
This barely scratches the surface of the idea and its implications. International relations would be affected dramatically, even more than the dissolution of the USSR did. But the way we now talk about the United States being the last super-power... maybe the world would be better without any? If so, I'd rather see that happen this way than through the decline of the lumbering behemoth that is the federal goverment of the United States of America.
# 2004-08-15 10:59 AM | TrackBackUm, I think you missed a 10 factor out on the calculation. At 1:30,000 the present population of the US would need over 9000 reps not over 900.
Interesting idea - I have two quibbles, one small and one big. The small one is I think Maryland should be in the South (read Countee Cullen's poem "Baltimore") The big one is that this isn't going to happen - because it would a) increase democracy (which the powerful don't want) and b) destroy a currently ruling empire. I don't think you can gloss over such a major fact of our present geopolitical situation by talking of "realignments". Just like Rome before it, the US started out as provincial republic and as it grew in power and wealth, it shrank in personal freedoms and personal integrity for its citizens. There is some inexorable force of history at work here, and I expect the demise of the American empire will follow a similar path to that of the Roman: barbarians at the gates, scary cults, the triumph of anarchy, and a slowly encroaching cultural dark age.
That's if the environmental apocalypse doesn't make the whole question moot.
Posted by: Deborama at August 16, 2004 06:22 PMGeez, you're right about the arithmetic. (And to think I was going to be a Mathematics minor in college.) It's even worse than I thought. I'll go back and edit the article, but I'll leave the corrective notes here.
In assigning states to different nations, I agonised the most over the northern border of the Dixie Confederation. Missouri and Kentucky were both disputed states in the Civil War, but having been to each of them in modern times, only the latter felt truly "Southern" to me. But then, maybe St. Louis isn't representative of the rest of the state. I was tempted to include Indiana, both for its right-leaning politics and the general Southernness of its southern population, but that would be too much gerrymandering. My first instinct was to include West Virginia, but I had to honor the schism that created the state in the first place. And Maryland was on the south side of the Mason-Dixon line, but it never seceded. But I think I will switch it. At least until we can have a referendum. {grin}
I do realise that this (or anything like it) is probably never going to happen. But the idea that our society has simply gotten to large has been nagging at me for a while now. And and when I got out the map to start breaking up the states, I was amazed at how easy it was to build new nations out of them (the redrawing of the Mason-Dixon line notwithstanding). All five of them have comparable populations, substantial natural resources, a bunch of vital major cities, even plenty of tourist attractions (which seems to be the industry that forms the basis of every state's economic development plan), plus there's an identifiable cultural "character" to each one. Heck, even the names were easy to come up with, based on how (I think) the locals think of themselves. Heck, there are even good 2-character country codes available for them! The whole idea just seemed so "right" that I had to go public with it.
Which of course means that if anyone tries to run with this idea, they'll have to disavow the origin of it. I don't think that a plan by "God's ex-Boyfriend" would go over very well in any region of the Untied States. {wry grin}
Posted by: God's ex-Boyfriend at August 16, 2004 09:08 PMI recently discovered your BLOG, and it is wonderful to read your ideas, thoughts and observations.
I just wanted to add something about the state of Maryland. The reason Maryland didn't become part of the confederacy is because federal troops seized Anapolis right before the state legislature was about to vote (they would have voted to join the South).
The reason federal troops were sent to seize Anapolis was that the folks in Washington, DC realized that if MD seceded (sp?) from the Union, the capital of the Union would be INSIDE the Confederacy! Imagine the possibilities of how that would have affected the course of the conflict...
Anyhow, as a Yankee who lived and worked in VA/DC/MD for 10 years, I can assure you that MD would have been, and under your plan should be, part of the South.
Hey, keep up the wonderful writing. I really appreciate your work.
If we're going to daydream about breaking up the U.S., why just limit ourselves to state (or even international) boundaries? I would only include northern California with Oregon and Washington. I think climate and tempermentally-wise, southern CA would do better going with the southwestern states of Nevada and New Mexico, and even Baja Mexico. If I were being particularly fastidious, I would use the Cascade range as the north/south boundry for Pacifica, throw in Northern California, and head straight north across the Canadian border and add BC to a Pacifica nation. That way, eastern WA and OR, which frankly have more in common with the northern mountain states, could drift off to join Utah, Idaho, Montana, et.al.
Posted by: don at August 17, 2004 09:12 PMBruce: As you can see, I've added Maryland to the Confederation. As a northerner, I was always amazed that a state right next to the capital seceded, and the CSA (for a time) established its own capital so near the Union's. The fact that the rebels never took (or tried to take) Washington is almost surprising. Also makes you wonder how things would have been different if the capital had been put further north in NYC or Philadelphia, as many suggested four score and seven years earlier... would the federal government have been so anxious to keep it all together if they weren't facing the prospect of becoming West Berlin?
Don: I was trying to keep things simple and stick to just an equitable refactoring of the fifty(one) states, with their current borders. Otherwise, I'd cheerfully hand southern Indiana over to the Dixie Confederation, give southern Texas (at least) to Mexico or revive the Republic, let New America merge with the eastern provinces of Canada, make western Pennsylvania part of Heartland (Pittsburgh isn't at all New-England-y, is it?), give Hawaii its rightful independence, and let Alaska join Canada or go indy if they wanted. Go ahead and annex British Columbia if you'd like. I think Ontario would make a nice addition to Heartland (they'd love the revaluation of their currency), but I'd hate to leave the flyover provinces and northern territories all alone (since Quebec would certainly go sovereign while we're at this).
Posted by: God's ex-Boyfriend at August 17, 2004 10:01 PMFirst, Maryland and DC are Yankees. To the North with them!
Texas and Oklahoma go to the South.
Nevada goes with Pacifica. (I know it seems wierd, but I just moved to Las Vegas from Albuquerque, and believe me, the overall Law / Political feel here is way more California than Arizona.) There's a lot of regulation here, as strange as that may sound.
I've thought about this very idea before (well, at the very least, the idea of the 4 corner states plus everything to the north seceding) and I've often thought that either Denver or Salt Lake should be the capital. Though, perhaps there's some merit to having the capital be a smaller town.
I don't know enough about the political situation in KS, NE, SD or ND to say whether they belong with the FSA or the Heartland.
Not that I expect success from a seccesion movement. More's the pity.
Don: Southern California is nothing like New Mexico politically. Nor Arizona, for that matter.
Posted by: Ochressandro Rettinger at September 20, 2004 05:25 PMAnd we should just let Alaska do its own thing. Alaska for the Alaskans!
Forcing the independent people of AK to put up with the dictates of San Francisco wouldn't work. First of all, the Alaskans aren't going to give up their guns, as NoCal would try to dictate. Second of all ... well, I think the first one is probably enough.
Posted by: Ochressandro Rettinger at September 20, 2004 05:29 PMSeems like no one wants MD. As a southerner, it doesn't belong here. The U.S. only keeps AK for the oil, so let them do their own thing. I've thought this for many years as well. TX and OK are not southern. Whoever suggested that was a Texan (no offense). For some reason Texans think they are southern because they fought on our side. The cultures are completely different. Texas should go solo and give everything 50 miles south of I-10 to Mexico.
By the way, I'm a southern libertarian who will probably move with the free state project to NH. I read the domain as god... sex... boyfriend and thought "what a bunch of demented fuckers"
Posted by: bob at September 20, 2004 06:21 PMDid you get this idea from John Titor's tales of the future? If you've never heard of him, do some reading online. The guy told an interesting story of coming from the future, and said that after the US second Civil War and then WWIII that the US became five distinct nation-states.
Posted by: metalligoth at September 21, 2004 05:15 AMI've just done a little online research about Titor, and no, I hadn't heard of him before now. So I didn't get the idea from him. In fact, since he was (supposedly) from the future, I could argue that he and his future citizens got the idea of splitting the country into five parts from me. {grin}
Posted by: God's ex-Boyfriend at September 21, 2004 01:01 PMI say give Alaska to Canada or make it a sixth country. It is huge, roughly 1/3 the size of the 48 states.
In my opinion, John Titor is a fraud. Then again, I have a scientific mind. I leave fiction inside the realms of books and campaign promises.
The problem with a single state seceding is that the federal government would not allow it to happen. Which government has the guns? Which states are allowed to have their own militaries? Guard does not count, that is joint state and federal. And you can bet your ass that as soon as rebels seceded, the federal government would activate whatever part of the guard did not secede to take back the state, not to mention active duty and reserve military forces.
You are correct, the federal government is bloated. Representation is a joke, and not just because of the numbers you quoted. Regulation, nepotism, and corruption are rampant enough to cause major issues. Unfortunately, the vast majority of the U.S. citizens know nothing besides the status quo, so they are unable to discern that something is wrong.
I am one of the few that realizes this country is screwed up and needs to be corrected before something really bad happens. While your plan is a pipe dream, I commend you for keeping that dream alive. After all, Franklin and Jefferson were dreamers. Look what they accomplished.
Posted by: John Gaughan at September 23, 2004 11:27 PMok let me just say i think your right except i think that maryland and northern virginia should be part of the north. If you talk to anyone who lives in these regions they would be pissed if u associated them with the south. i know cause i live right outside of dc in virginia
Posted by: cassie at September 28, 2004 07:47 PMNot sure if you've ever read Joel Garreau's "Nine Nations of North America", but it positted this very theory twenty-five years ago. As an earlier post noted, he ignored state and international borders and based his map on cultural and economic factors. Its out of print now, but a very interesting analysis of these ideas with a human touch. Sad, though, that in twenty-five years his ideas have garnered so little attention.
As for your Pacifica, Ernest Callenbach called it Ecotopia in his novel of the same name, in which The Pacific Northwest (from the Bay area up) uses nuclear blackmail to force secession from what it sees as a hopelessly corrupt and polluted nation and establishes an ecological new age paradise. Also interesting and worth a look to those intrigued by these notions.
By the by, I appreciate your initial premise that Lincoln got it largely wrong and we and the world would be far better off had he shown a bit more farsightedness, although it might be argued that he was suffering a hangover from the high heady days of European imperialism and feared the South might ally with the British in a two front war on the North after a period of time. Largely nonesense, though, given Britain's reluctance to help the South in general and Europe's feeding frenzy over Africa and South Asia at the time. In any event, interesting premises.
Posted by: Discus at October 2, 2004 11:13 PMI think this is a great idea but there is the problem of Northern Virginia maryland and DC. These areas are traditionally southern but as jobs are filled by people from all over the country it is such a confused area that you couldn't associate it with the north or the south. I live in northern virginia (Falls Church) and consider myself southern as hell but many people who live here do not. People from the south don't think we are southern enough and people from the north see our southern traits and immediately associate us with the rest of the south. So, nobody wants us cause we don't fit neatly into any of the groups. So I suggest since DC is already its own entity that it should take in maryland and northern virginia and be a sixth nation. Maybe let us have Delaware as well because they are culturally ambiguous as well. THis sixth smaller nation could be the diplomatic homeland of the other five so that we can arrange trade, discuss disputes and keep the former capital in tact as a reminder of our common history. I think this would help smooth over any differences between the new countries so we wouldn't immediately break out into war. Overall though I think this is a great idea.
Posted by: yup at March 13, 2005 02:21 PM





